thặng dư

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The Vietnamese word "thặng dư" is a noun that translates to "surplus" in English. It refers to an amount that is more than what is needed or expected. This term is often used in economic contexts but can apply to various situations where there is an excess.

Basic Usage:

• Meaning: An excess amount after fulfilling a requirement.
• Example: If a company produces 1,000 units of a product but only sells 800, the remaining 200 units are considered "thặng dư" (surplus).

Advanced Usage:

In economics, "thặng dư" can refer to several specific types of surplus: 1. Thặng dư sản xuất (production surplus): The extra goods produced beyond the demand. 2. Thặng dư tiêu dùng (consumer surplus): The difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and what they actually pay. 3. Thặng dư ngân sách (budget surplus): When a government's revenue exceeds its expenditures.

Word Variants:

• Thặng dư hàng hóa: Product surplus.
• Thặng dư tài chính: Financial surplus.

Different Meanings:

While "thặng dư" primarily means surplus, in some contexts, it can also imply a benefit or an advantage resulting from a situation where there is an excess.

Synonyms:

• Dư thừa: Excess.
• Thừa: Superfluous or extra.

Example Sentences:

1. Khi giá cả tăng, người tiêu dùng có thể cảm thấy thặng dư tiêu dùng của họ giảm.
   • "When prices rise, consumers may feel their consumer surplus decreases."

Academic

noun

1. surplus